乳腺癌X线表现分析

目的分析乳腺癌典型及不典型X线征象,提高对乳腺癌不典型X线表现的认识。方法对61例经手术病理证实的乳腺癌资料进行回顾性分析。结果61例乳腺癌主要X线征象:肿块39例;微小钙化30例;不伴肿块及微小钙化的乳腺局部结构紊乱4例、星芒征3例、非对称性密度增高3例。结论肿块及微小钙化是乳腺癌最主要、最直接的X线征象,但部分乳腺癌X线上缺乏上述2种表现,单纯以结构紊乱、非对称性密度增高或星芒征为主要表现。提高对此类乳腺癌不典型X线表现的认识,有利于防止误、漏诊。     

Correlation between regional myasthenic weakness and mental aspects of quality of life

Here we report how the different types of regional muscle involvement, i.e. bulbar, ocular or generalized, in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) influence the mental aspects of quality of life. Clinical examination according to Osserman was performed in 48 MG patients (45 women, three men; mean age 54, SD 12 years). Each patient was at the time for clinical evaluation asked to fill out the disease-specific Myasthenia Gravis Questionnaire (MGQ) and the Short-Form 36-item questionnaire for health survey (SF-36) as patient-oriented tools. We related the regional domains (generalized domain, bulbar domain and ocular domain) of the MGQ and the clinical findings, respectively, with mental quality of life as assessed by SF-36. Bulbar and generalized involvement results in impairment of mental aspects of quality of life, whereas ocular involvement does not.     

Syncuaria squamata (Linstow, 1883) (Nematoda: Acuariidae) in the Great Cormorant [Phalacrocorax carbo sinensins (Blumenbach, 1798)] in northern Poland

Summary Of the 105 great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensins) from northern Poland (the Vistula Lagoon and Masurian Lake District), examined in 2000–2001, 67 proved hosts of the nematode Syncuaria squamata (Linstow, 1883). The prevalence, mean intensity, and intensity range amounted to 63.8 %, 36.2 specimens, and 1–120 specimens, respectively. The infection was heavier in the immature birds (84.6 %, 40.9 inds, and 1–120 inds) than in the adults (3.7 %, 1 ind.). The nematodes were dominated by gravid females (n=1846), followed by males (n=157), immature females (n=79), and L4 larvae (n=2). Measurements of the parasite are provided. S. squamata is a new species for the parasite fauna of Poland.     

Changes in the SF-12 among Depressed Elders Six Months after Discharge from an Inpatient Geropsychiatric Unit

Using the SF-12 to measure physical and mental functioning, the authors examine the intra-individual changes in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) 6 months post-discharge for depressed older adults. In addition, they examine three sets of predictors that might influence these changes. The sample of depressed older adults was recruited from an inpatient geropsychiatry unit. Although their physical and mental health scores on the SF-12 were lower than comparable norms, the sample showed an average increase in their mental functioning but a decrease in the physical functioning over the 6 months. Negative life-events were significant predictors of people who reported no change in their mental health functioning and decreases in their physical health functioning. Interestingly, those who experienced positive life events were more likely to report declines and younger participants were more likely to report no change in their physical functioning. The findings indicate that the effects of depression on HRQOL can have enduring effects on a sample of previously hospitalized older adults. The significance of life event changes might signify the importance of taking into account non-traditional areas of medical interventions. Further, the findings indicate the usefulness of the SF-12 quantifying HRQOL outcomes.     

肝癌间质及癌旁病变的病理分析

目的　研究肝癌间质及癌旁病变的临床病理意义。方法　在 2 0例肝癌组织标本中取 45个癌结节 ,分别在癌结节中间、癌旁肝组织等部位取组织 4块 ,连续切片 ,显微镜下观察。结果　 19个结节有完整窦内皮细胞围绕癌巢 ,其中癌结节肉眼小于3cm者 13个 ,大于 3cm者 6个。 2 6个癌结节无完整窦内皮细胞围绕癌巢 ,其中癌结节直径大于 3cm者 2 4个 ,小于 3cm者 2个。2 0例中有 13例合并肝硬化 ,17例有乙型肝炎病毒感染和HBsAg阳性。 结论　病理连续切片 ,显微镜下观察肝癌间质及癌旁病变是预测肝癌患者预后的重要病理学指标     

WHAT KIND OF BENEFIT DO WE EXPECT FOR PERORAL PANCREATOSCOPY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF INTRADUCTAL PAPILLARY MUCINOUS TUMOR OF THE PANCREAS?

Intraductal papillary mucinous tumor (IPMT) of the pancreas is characterized by slow growth and a relatively favorable prognosis, however, invasive cancer originating in an IPMT is associated with a poor prognosis. Although various parameters in imaging modalities have been advocated to differentiate between benign IPMN and malignant ones, it is not easy to obtain definite diagnosis based on these parameters. Peroral pancreatoscopy (POPS) allows a clear and direct visualization of the pancreatic duct, providing useful information regarding tumor nature in IPMT. The authors have studied the usefulness of POPS in the diagnosis of IPMT. Nevertheless, its usefulness is not necessarily widely accepted and the significance of POPS is still controversial. In this review, the authors intended to address the diagnostic value of POPS and to clarify its role in the diagnosis of IPMT. The authors think treatment of IPMT can be improved by introducing POPS because the determination of surgical procedure as well as the area of resection based on the preoperative diagnosis of the involvement of the main pancreatic duct and branch duct is inevitable.     

皮质发育障碍模型的建立及其致痫敏感性的研究

目的:建立皮质发育障碍模型,探讨皮质发育障碍模型的敏感性。方法:在SD大鼠孕17d腹腔注入1,3-二氯乙烯-亚硝基脲(BCNU)制作皮质发育障碍模型;Nissl染色观察P60d仔鼠病理变化;选取P60d雄性仔鼠,腹腔注射氯化锂-毛果芸香碱,分别比较两组大鼠癫发生的潜伏期、持续状态时间和死亡率。结果:同龄仔鼠脑组织湿重实验组比对照组显著减轻(P<0.01);Nissl染色显示皮质变薄、皮质层次紊乱、海马区域异位细胞异常聚集;有皮质发育障碍的仔鼠注射氯化锂-毛果芸香碱后,癫发生的潜伏期显著缩短(P<0.01),癫持续状态时间延长(P<0.01),死亡率显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:BCNU致皮质发育障碍模型具有癫易感性。     

论我国医患冲突成因及和谐关系构建

目前我国医患之间的矛盾与冲突，实质上是新时期我国社会矛盾在卫生工作中的具体表现，反映了社会群体在经济状况、价值取向、角色意识、道德水平、法律法规等多方面的矛盾与冲突。和谐医患关系应是构建我国和谐社会的内容之一。和谐医患关系的构建需要完善的社会医疗保障体系建立、国家卫生行政管理加大、财政补偿合理投入、医疗服务质量提高、医学知识教育普及与提高、媒体理性传播、社会大众道德控制水平提升，法律法规完善等全方位的努力，有赖于医事主体双方及全社会的关注与通力改善。